Rat-Hole Mining

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Meaning of Rat-Hole

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Types of rat-hole mining

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Environmental and Safety Concerns

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Water pollution in Meghalaya

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Bans by the National Green Tribunal (NGT)

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Madras Sappers

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Role during peacetime

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Madras Sappers headquarters

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Historical contribution

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Rat-Hole Mining

Explained:

What is

and who are

Madras Sappers

Rat-Hole Mining

Rat hole mining is a method used for extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, and it is particularly prevalent in the state of Meghalaya

Meaning of Rat-Hole

The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, usually just large enough for one person to descend and extract coal

Types of rat-hole mining

Two main types of rat-hole mining are side-cutting, involving narrow hill tunnels, and box-cutting, creating circular openings of varying sizes

Environmental and Safety Concerns

Manual labor, lacking safety measures, extracts coal using primitive tools, contributing to land degradation, deforestation, and water pollution

Water pollution in Meghalaya

Water sources in Meghalaya rivers have turned acidic with high concentrations of toxic metals due to rat-hole mining, posing environmental challenges

Bans by the National Green Tribunal (NGT)

Despite bans by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014 and 2015, rat-hole mining persists in Meghalaya due to economic factors and the absence of alternative livelihoods

Madras Sappers

The Madras Sappers, part of the Indian Army’s Corps of Engineers, play a crucial role in combat engineering support during wartime, including mine clearance and trencher construction

Role during peacetime

The Madras Sappers, also known as the Madras Engineer Group, play a crucial role in contributing to infrastructure development for the three arms of the Indian defense during peacetime

Madras Sappers headquarters

The Madras Sappers, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, are one of the oldest engineering regiments, alongside the Bengal Sappers and the Bombay Sappers

Historical contribution

The Madras Sappers have a rich history, participating in significant battles of World War I, World War II, and post-independence conflicts, such as the Kashmir War in 1948 and the India-Pakistan War in 1971