Mt. Vesuvius

Researchers used artificial intelligence to decipher an ancient scroll buried by Mount Vesuvius

[{"selector":"#anim-d643f04d-56d0-4026-9d26-736d352abb29","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a3d7c279-9cb9-4476-9d66-19a1f7eba3c5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-118.95425%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Mt. Vesuvius is situated above the Bay of Naples in Campania, southern Italy

[{"selector":"#anim-f31d3c14-16f6-4dfc-835b-306c075bd969","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-28f25f07-a36f-4e2c-8282-ea07a8d2c727","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(115.68628%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

It remains the only active volcano in mainland Europe

[{"selector":"#anim-d6d9ad02-3b9c-4603-acc0-32dcde8c455f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7ce17b8f-a170-47d6-b40a-927b23d0b682","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Mount Vesuvius is categorized as a complex stratovolcano due to its eruption style

[{"selector":"#anim-e2d8ea02-bf59-4166-ac03-c8ae0845d3d4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-478ade91-bfd7-4842-916a-751c8a8ccc7c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -372.74986%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Pyroclastic flows from Vesuvius consist of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash, and volcanic gas

[{"selector":"#anim-37b6dab7-059a-45b0-8e86-195a7bc694a4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-83b5aaf4-74ee-4b38-8793-0c2c83ec1594","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 131.96773%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

The 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius is infamous for obliterating the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum

[{"selector":"#anim-6fcec8d2-82a7-40bd-83e3-3397995ec865","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-117.32027%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-33380868-b5c4-4c2c-94a6-5b274d629e85","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ee2c99af-98c4-4d8d-a3c5-a31529fa490a","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

It belongs to the Campanian volcanic arc, created by the African and Eurasian plates' convergence

[{"selector":"#anim-3af491e8-268f-40ed-b18e-a6cf9af77e24","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(117.32027%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8713fefa-9944-4c74-a76d-0b3bb4b9b566","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7c671a6a-858f-45d3-98c9-f5998ee569ab","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

This subduction zone gives rise to other volcanoes such as Mount Etna, the Phlegraean Fields, Vulcano, and Stromboli in Italy

[{"selector":"#anim-2921bd0e-bd28-4474-8d68-8e02dcb884ba","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(1)","scale(1.5)","scale(0.95)","scale(1)"],"offset":[0,0.33,0.66,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1450,"easing":"ease-in-out","fill":"both","iterations":1}]

A "slab window" has formed under Vesuvius due to the detachment of the lower part of the subducting slab

[{"selector":"#anim-221b32fd-8a9e-4767-96db-8536621ea0c1","keyframes":[{"offset":0,"transform":"translate3d(0, -314.05689%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.29,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.45,"transform":"translate3d(0, -88.312797468%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.61,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.71,"transform":"translate3d(0, -30.023838684%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.8,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.85,"transform":"translate3d(0, -11.274642351%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":0.92,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"},{"offset":0.96,"transform":"translate3d(0, -4.899287484%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(.5, 0, 1, 1)"},{"offset":1,"transform":"translate3d(0, 0%, 0)","easing":"cubic-bezier(0, 0, .5, 1)"}],"delay":0,"duration":600,"fill":"both"}]

This detachment causes Vesuvius’ rocks to have a distinct chemical composition compared to other Campanian volcanoes

[{"selector":"#anim-de60b54b-3811-44e8-b73e-11e7d49285ef","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c5152f7f-ca37-4c5a-9552-27ffd2e5f831","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]