How the First Indo-Pak Warshaped the destiny of J & K?

In 1947, the first war between India and Pakistan erupted when Pakistan attempted to annex Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) through Operation Gulmarg.

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Pakistan meticulously planned to invade Kashmir under the strategy to disrupt the Indian Army through hit-and-run attacks along the long frontier.

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About 20 tribal militias, each comprising 1000 Pashtun tribesmen were recruited to capture Srinagar on October 22, 1947, but stalled after reaching Baramulla.

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Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir faced a complex situation as he had signed a Standstill Agreement with both nations, but appealed to India for help.

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The Instrument of Accession was signed with India on October 26, so Indian troops were sent to protect Srinagar leading to an unsaid declaration of war.

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Significant landmarks of the war included Battle of Badgam, recapture of Jhangar, Battle of Naushara, advance to Tithawal, relief in Punch, and the fight of Chhamb to Tithwal.

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On January 5, 1949 the war ended, following a UN Commission-mediated ceasefire, where India gained control of two-thirds of Jammu and Kashmir, while Pakistan secured one-third.

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In a symbolic move, 24 seats in the J & K Assembly were reserved for Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK), reflecting the ongoing controversy over the region.

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The first Indo-Pak war set the stage for a contentious relationship between India and Pakistan, with lasting geopolitical repercussions.

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