1991 Indian Economic Crisis?

1991 Crisis

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Balance of Payments

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Global Impact

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Fiscal Mismanagement

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Borrowing Burden

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Exchange Rate Woes

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Political Instability

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IMF to the Rescue

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Economic Transformation

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1991 Indian Economic Crisis?

What led to the

1991 Crisis

The 1991 crisis was a defining moment for India's economy, leading to widespread reforms

Balance of Payments

A severe Balance of Payment (BoP) imbalance led to the depletion of India's foreign exchange reserves

Global Impact

The Gulf War's impact on oil prices exacerbated India's financial vulnerabilities

Fiscal Mismanagement

Excessive public spending and subsidies led to unsustainable fiscal deficits

Borrowing Burden

India's reliance on external borrowing added to its growing economic woes

Exchange Rate Woes

An overvalued Rupee made Indian exports less competitive internationally

Political Instability

Frequent government changes hindered effective crisis management

IMF to the Rescue

India's economic reforms were catalysed by IMF intervention in 1991

Economic Transformation

Post-crisis reforms led to significant economic liberalization and growth

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